In case the heart rate slows down excessively because the warning center (sinus node) cannot generate a warning at a sufficient rate or there is any interruption in the conduction paths, pacemakers placed in the body are needed to provide the necessary heart rate for the patient to maintain a normal life.

Permanent pacemakers are advanced technology products, and they are activated when necessary by constantly sensing the heart’s work. In some species, when the patient’s heart rate needs to increase, they respond quickly. Thus, the patient’s complaints such as fainting, fainting, dizziness, and shortness of breath due to the slowing of the heart rate will disappear, and the quality of life will improve.

How is permanent pacemaker implantation performed?

The procedure is generally performed under local anesthesia by placing thin wires called electrodes through the great veins in the chest going to the heart to one or both of the atria or ventricles of the heart and connecting them to a generator placed under the chest skin. This is a process that usually takes 30-60 minutes. The hospital stay may be 2-5 days.
Could there be undesirable events associated with permanent pacemaker implantation, what is the risk of the procedure?

Permanent pacemaker implantation is a small-scale surgical procedure. Therefore, some undesirable situations, which we call complications, may occur in practice. However, the risk of complications in these procedures is very low and is often not vital. Undesirable conditions that may occur during the application include rupture of the pleura when entering the vein, bleeding due to the needle entering the artery instead of the vein, and rhythm disturbances. Although it is possible for the wound to become infected after the procedure, this is a rare condition. To prevent this, preventive antibiotic therapy will be given. In a long time, sometimes occlusion of the veins to which the electrode wires are applied and related problems (such as swelling in the face, arms, vein networks in the anterior part of the chest) may occur. Again, rarely, after a while after a pacemaker is inserted, the battery generator or cables may spontaneously come out of the skin. In this case, the permanent pacemaker pocket may need to be reopened and repaired.

You may need to lie down without getting out of bed for 24 hours after the application. Stitches will be removed 6-10 days after the procedure. After a permanent pacemaker is placed, there will generally not be a significant change in your life. However, your doctor will inform you about the behaviors and environmental conditions that may adversely affect your pacemaker.

There is no treatment method that can replace this treatment in patients who need permanent pacemaker, which may be of vital importance. When the battery life runs out after an average of 5-6 years, this time only the generator of the battery will be replaced and the wires will not be touched. After the battery is inserted, you will need to be checked by your doctor at certain intervals.

Frequently Asked Questions About Permanent Pacemaker? yazısı ilk önce Aventin Health üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

In case the heart rate slows down excessively because the warning center (sinus node) cannot generate a warning at a sufficient rate or there is any interruption in the conduction paths, pacemakers placed in the body are needed to provide the necessary heart rate for the patient to maintain a normal life.
How is temporary pacemaker implantation done?

The procedure is usually with local anesthesia; It is done by placing thin wires called electrodes through the large veins going to the heart in the neck, chest or groin, and connecting them to a generator outside the body. This procedure can be done at the bedside or under a scopy (X-ray machine). The procedure usually takes 20-30 minutes. When the need for a temporary battery is eliminated, the wire placed inside the heart is removed.
Could there be undesirable events associated with temporary pacemaker implantation, what is the risk of the procedure?

Temporary pacing is a small-scale surgical procedure. Therefore, some undesirable situations, which we call complications, may occur in practice. Depending on temporary battery insertion, undesirable events such as rupture of the vessel, aneurysm (expansion), formation of openings called fistula between arteries and veins, bleeding, hematoma (swelling caused by blood leaking from the vein) may occur. Apart from this, in patients who underwent neck vein intervention, fluid or air accumulation in the pleura due to damage to the lung and shortness of breath may develop as a result. In this case, treatment may be required by entering the lung with a needle or placing a tube. Although very rarely, clot formation in the vein and this clot going to vital organs can be seen. Again, there may be a perforation in the heart wall and consequent accumulation of fluid in the pericardium. This condition can rarely be life-threatening. In these cases, such patients may require intervention by cardiac surgery.

Frequently Asked Questions About Temporary Pacemaker? yazısı ilk önce Aventin Health üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Cardiac catheterization and angiography are diagnostic methods, not treatment. It is based on imaging the heart cavities and coronary arteries during the administration of contrast material (a kind of medical dye) and taking motion pictures using “X” rays. The data obtained are very valuable in guiding treatment and are the main determinant for the choice of treatment strategy in most patients. Thanks to today’s technological conditions and knowledge, the success rate of the mentioned procedures is over 99%.
How is cardiac catheterization and angiography performed?

Fasting for 4-12 hours is required before cardiac catheterization and angiography (drugs can be taken with a very small amount of water). Before the patient is taken to the catheter laboratory, the inguinal area should be shaved to ensure better sterilization. A sedative is administered when necessary. The groin or arm area where the procedure will be performed is anesthetized and a cannula is inserted into the artery in this area (the access route is opened). The pressure is recorded by reaching the heart cavities with a thin tube (catheter) made of plastic-like material; Coronary arteries are visualized by giving contrast material and film recordings are taken.
This process takes about 20-30 minutes. After the procedure is completed, the cannula in the groin is removed and pressure is applied to this area for 15-20 minutes. After it is seen that the bleeding has stopped, it is closed with a very tight bandage. However, in some cases of medical necessity, this practice can be changed since the cannula in the groin may need to be kept in place for a longer period of time. Except for exceptional cases, the patient is allowed to return to his daily life 24 hours after the procedure.
Could there be undesirable events associated with cardiac catheterization and angiography, what is the risk of the procedure?

Although rare, procedural problems and adverse events (complications) may be encountered during or immediately after cardiac catheterization. After the coronary angiography procedure, pain, mild swelling and bruising (hematoma, ecchymosis, pseudo-aneurysm) may occur in the vascular area, which is less frequently treated. However, the probability of complications requiring repair in the operation area is 2%. Rarely, there is a possibility of stroke (stroke) and myocardial infarction. The incidence of these events in experienced catheter laboratories is around 2 in 1000. It is known that the vital risk is less than 2 in 1000. Other than these, some complications (emergency surgery, perforation of the heart vessels and cavities, low blood pressure due to severe allergic reaction, some rhythm disorders, need for a temporary pacemaker, etc.) can be seen, albeit very rarely. Reactions with temporary low blood pressure called “vagal reaction” and cold sweating may develop due to the pain felt due to the withdrawal of the cannula from the groin during or after the insertion of the cannula in the inguinal region (2%). Most of these complications can be compensated with treatment. Depending on the drugs used during the procedure, especially the iodinated contrast material, kidney failure may develop. Although the majority of patients with renal failure improve, they may rarely require dialysis treatment later in life.
What kind of problems can be encountered if cardiac catheterization and angiography are required but not performed?

If cardiac catheterization and angiography are not performed, adequate information about the patient’s disease cannot be obtained, and the necessary interventions and treatments may not be planned in a healthy way.
Are there alternative examination methods that can replace cardiac catheterization and angiography?

In parallel with the developments in technology, although there are great developments in cardiac imaging methods, non-invasive (bloodless) diagnostic methods (examinations with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance methods) that can completely replace cardiac catheterization and angiography and can provide as precise information as these methods. etc.) are not available.
Can or should balloon angioplasty and heart surgery be performed immediately, which is decided according to the results of cardiac catheterization and angiography?

It should be known that there may be a need for coronary therapeutic intervention (coronary balloon angioplasty, coronary stent applications, etc.) or emergency cardiac surgery in the same session, due to a complication of the catheterization and angiography procedure or in the event that the need for urgent intervention is determined for the main disease that caused the patient to be examined. Except for the emergencies mentioned above, a decision is made about the further examination or treatment method by evaluating the angiography, and the necessary interventions and treatments are planned by informing the patient about this issue. However, if the patient gives consent and the physician deems it appropriate, coronary therapeutic intervention can also be performed in the same session.

Frequently Asked Questions About Heart Catheterization and Angiography? yazısı ilk önce Aventin Health üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Our heart has a system similar to the electricity grid of a city. In fact, the stimuli originating from the main center (sinus node) in the right atrium, after passing through an intermediate station (atrioventricular node) located between the atria and ventricles, with a short delay, are again spread to the ventricles by specialized conduction pathways. Thus, the electrical impulse produced in the main center is transmitted to all heart muscle cells, causing the heart to contract.
What causes disruptions in the heart’s electrical system?

Disruptions may occur in this normal warning and conduction system of the heart for various reasons. Sometimes, additional congenital pathways can cause short circuits in conduction and cause rapid heartbeats, which we call tachycardia. In addition, sometimes stimuli outside the control of the heart’s main warning center mentioned above may arise from any part of the heart and cause rapid beats.
What is the electrophysiological diagnosis method?

With the diagnostic method called electrophysiological study, electrical signals received directly from the heart with the help of thin wires called electrode catheters, which are passed through thin sheaths placed in the groin and / or neck through the vein, are evaluated by advanced computers and deviations from normal are investigated. In this way, it can be understood whether the heart’s main center warning system works well and whether the system that transmits the warnings can safely function. In patients with palpitations, which are mostly in the form of rapid beating, the causes of rapid beats, which are the cause of the patient’s complaint, are created with the stimuli given from these wires (2-4 according to the purpose of the study and the type of rhythm disorder) placed in the heart with special methods. Thus, if the presence of short circuits is detected, the flutter is completely treated by giving point energy with radio waves. Or, if a focus that creates the flutter is detected, it is eliminated by giving radio wave energy. This is called catheter ablation therapy. In this way, permanent treatment of most palpitations in the form of rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) has become possible today.
How does the electrophysiological diagnosis method affect the patient, how long does this application take?

You may feel palpitations when test impulses are given from inside the heart during electrophysiological study. Or, you may feel a similar feeling when heart palpitations, which is your main complaint, occur with the stimuli given to the heart. Sometimes it may be necessary to give an external electric shock to correct the rhythm in the form of rapid beat after stimulating it. Before giving the shock, you will not feel pain because most of the time you will be given drugs to put you to sleep.
Electrophysiological examinations for diagnostic purposes take 30-60 minutes. If a therapeutic intervention is required, this is a procedure that can take up to 1-4 hours.
Does the electrophysiological diagnosis method have a risk?

These transactions are basically low-risk applications. However, as with any transaction, it can bring some problems. The probability of death is very low. Rarely, during the procedure, fluid may leak between the pericardium due to the perforation of the heart muscle. Again, rarely, during therapeutic procedures (ablation) because the short circuit that causes palpitation is very close to the normal stimulation system of the heart, blocks may occur in the conduction system of the heart during radio wave energy administration. In such cases, permanent pacemaker implantation may be required.
Bleeding, subcutaneous blood leaks and associated swelling and pain may occur in 2-3% of the cases at the vein entry sites. However, in most cases, these do not cause significant problems and correct themselves.
Are there alternatives to the electrophysiological diagnosis method?

Data obtained by electrophysiological study cannot be obtained by any other diagnostic method. It is often used when other diagnostic methods are insufficient.
What is catheter ablation, when and how is it applied?

Catheter ablation is the treatment of rhythm disorder by giving radio waves. This method is applied in rhythm disorders that cannot be controlled with drugs or if patients do not want to take drugs for life. In some cases, the rhythm disturbance can be so significant that it can be life-threatening. In such cases, direct catheter ablation may be required. The procedure is basically performed under local anesthesia by numbing the needle entry points, and in some cases under general anesthesia. You may be given a sedative medication to make you feel comfortable during the procedure. To prevent bleeding after the procedures, you should lie down for a few hours without moving your legs.
What is the success rate of the catheter ablation method?

The probability of success in the treatment of rhythm disorders in the form of rapid beating of the heart with catheter ablation varies between 70-95%, depending on the type of palpitation targeted for treatment and the location of the short circuit. Success is understood as the treatment of palpitations never to happen again. The probability of recurrence of palpitations after successful administration varies according to the type of arrhythmia. For example, this probability is between 5-8% in palpitations due to short circuits in the heart.

Frequently Asked Questions About Electrophysiological Study and Treatment of Heart Rhythm Disorders with Catheter Ablation Method? yazısı ilk önce Aventin Health üzerinde ortaya çıktı.